Antonio Morgado
University of Granada, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Faculty Member
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This work presents the results of the first phase detected at the archaeological site of Grañena Baja (Jaén). The possible existence of a large segmented ditch is one of the most outstanding features, associated with a material culture... more
This work presents the results of the first phase detected at the archaeological site of Grañena Baja (Jaén). The possible existence of a large segmented ditch is one of the most outstanding features, associated with a material culture that has not been specifically characterized in the southern Ibe-ria. The ceramic types stand out for their composite profile and reinforced rims, as well as having decorations simply executed. Blades of medium and large format with straight bases and obtained by means of indirect percussion characterize the lithic industry. Radiocarbon dates place the site's occupation in the third quarter of the 5 th Millennium cal BC. This information makes an important contribution to filling the gap between the Early and the Recent Neolithic in southern Iberia, a region where good evidence for the Middle Neolithic is scarce.
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Entre enero y febrero de 2014 se llevaron a cabo labores de vigilancia arqueológica en el cerro de Marimacho motivadas por la construcción de un acerado a lo largo del segmento de la carretera Antequera-Archidona N-354 que bordea por el... more
Entre enero y febrero de 2014 se llevaron a cabo labores de vigilancia arqueológica en el cerro de Marimacho motivadas por la construcción de un acerado a lo largo del segmento de la carretera Antequera-Archidona N-354 que bordea por el sur el Conjunto Arqueológico de los Dólmenes de Antequera. Durante esta intervención, que arroja nueva luz sobre la naturaleza de un sitio estrechamente asociado a los megalitos
antequeranos, se identificaron dos estructuras prehistóricas excavadas en el sustrato geológico. Una de ellas se constata como la primera evidencia de la existencia de un foso en este yacimiento arqueológico.
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This
excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeologial site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and and pit. This excavation throws new
light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically,
as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
antequeranos, se identificaron dos estructuras prehistóricas excavadas en el sustrato geológico. Una de ellas se constata como la primera evidencia de la existencia de un foso en este yacimiento arqueológico.
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This
excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeologial site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and and pit. This excavation throws new
light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically,
as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
Research Interests:
Castillejo del Bonete es un complejo tumular situado en el borde meridional de la Meseta Ibérica, ocupado en fechas calcolíticas y de la Edad del Bronce, vinculado a la Cultura de las Motillas. Materiales arqueológicos muy diversos han... more
Castillejo del Bonete es un complejo tumular situado en el borde meridional de la Meseta Ibérica, ocupado en fechas calcolíticas y de la Edad del Bronce, vinculado a la Cultura de las Motillas. Materiales arqueológicos muy diversos han sido recuperados asociados a las arquitecturas del lugar (túmulos, corredores, potentes muros, etc.). Se presenta un avance de la investigación paleoecológica sobre las colecciones de carbón, polen y microvertebrados. Además se presentan cuentas de piedra y madera, colgantes de concha, material lítico,
la colección cerámica, nuevas metalografías e industria metálica y botones de marfil. El conjunto de estas evidencias arqueológicas pone de manifiesto la celebración ritual de banquetes y ofrendas durante la Prehistoria Reciente en una cueva monumentalizada mediante túmulos en el interior de la Península Ibérica.
Castillejo del Bonete is a tumulus complex located on the southern edge the Iberian Plateau, occupied during Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods, and linked to the Culture known as Motillas. Diverse archaeological objects have been recovered in association with their architectures (barrows, corridors, walls, etc.). Based on charcoal, pollen and microvertebrates a paleoecological study will be discussed. Furthermore, the analysis of different materials such as wood, shell, stone and ivory ornaments together with pottery vessels and metallic
objets will also be carried out. All this evidence could be related to feasting practices and offerings.
la colección cerámica, nuevas metalografías e industria metálica y botones de marfil. El conjunto de estas evidencias arqueológicas pone de manifiesto la celebración ritual de banquetes y ofrendas durante la Prehistoria Reciente en una cueva monumentalizada mediante túmulos en el interior de la Península Ibérica.
Castillejo del Bonete is a tumulus complex located on the southern edge the Iberian Plateau, occupied during Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods, and linked to the Culture known as Motillas. Diverse archaeological objects have been recovered in association with their architectures (barrows, corridors, walls, etc.). Based on charcoal, pollen and microvertebrates a paleoecological study will be discussed. Furthermore, the analysis of different materials such as wood, shell, stone and ivory ornaments together with pottery vessels and metallic
objets will also be carried out. All this evidence could be related to feasting practices and offerings.
Research Interests:
The Laja Alta rock shelter paintings (Jimena de la Frontera, Spain) are the clearest existing testimony of sailing vessels from ancient times in the western Mediterranean. The majority opinion of the research has dated the naval scene in... more
The Laja Alta rock shelter paintings (Jimena de la Frontera, Spain) are the clearest existing testimony of sailing vessels from ancient times in the western Mediterranean. The majority opinion of the research has dated the naval scene in the first or the end of the second mill. BC. This article offers new reproductions and data for a better understanding of the figures represented. Based on the results obtained, we propose a different hypothesis. The absolute dates confirm that the rock shelter was used in the IV-III mill. cal. BC., the Late Neolithic and Copper Age. It was a time of important community transformations. Besides, others datas (types of figures, cultural context, pigment analysis by optical reflectance and superposition of figures) do not deviate from the results dates. The topographical distribution indicates that the boats occupy a central position in the rock shelter. Thus, the boats are the main theme of the paintings of Laja Alta and the rest of the motifs are determined by the naval scene. This conclusion has important historical implications for the transfer of technologies, goods and ideas that shaped the societies of the Late Neolithic and Copper Age of the Western Europe and North Africa.
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RESUMEN: Situado en las estribaciones orientales de Sierra Morena, dentro de la cuenca hidrológica del Guadalquivir, Castillejo del Bonete es un gran complejo arquitectónico que consta de una cueva monumentalizada mediante estructuras... more
RESUMEN: Situado en las estribaciones orientales de Sierra Morena, dentro de la cuenca hidrológica del Guadalquivir, Castillejo del Bonete es un gran complejo arquitectónico que consta de una cueva monumentalizada mediante estructuras varias, entre las que destacan varios corredores megalíticos y túmulos, todos ellos asociados a contextos funerarios y depósitos de ofrendas. El presente artículo se centra en la explicación detallada de los elementos que integran este complejo constructivo para posteriormente discutir el avance que supone para la investigación de la Prehistoria Reciente en La Mancha. Castillejo del Bonete tiene el potencial de convertirse en un yacimiento clave para la comprensión de las prácticas funerarias y la creciente jerarquización social durante el tránsito del III al II milenios cal ANE.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Meseta Sur, Cultura Megalítica, Calcolítico, Edad del Bronce, cueva, monumento funerario, ritual colectivo.
ABSTRACT: Castillejo del Bonete is a Bronze Age site situated on the eastern foothills of the Sierra Morena mountain range, within the Guadalquivir river basin. This archaeological site is an impressive architectonic complex comprising a cave monumentalized with different structures such as megalithic corridors and tumuli associated with funerary remains and votive deposits. This article presents a detailed explanation of the different elements that form this monumental complex, thus providing a platform for an in depth discussion of the archaeological findings and their relevance within the Late Prehistory of La Mancha region. Castillejo del Bonete could potentially become a key archaeological site that allows a better understanding of funerary practices and increasing social complexity occurring during the transition from the III to the II millennia cal BC.
Key words: Southern Iberian Plateau, Megalithic Culture, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, cave, funeral monument, collective ritual.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Meseta Sur, Cultura Megalítica, Calcolítico, Edad del Bronce, cueva, monumento funerario, ritual colectivo.
ABSTRACT: Castillejo del Bonete is a Bronze Age site situated on the eastern foothills of the Sierra Morena mountain range, within the Guadalquivir river basin. This archaeological site is an impressive architectonic complex comprising a cave monumentalized with different structures such as megalithic corridors and tumuli associated with funerary remains and votive deposits. This article presents a detailed explanation of the different elements that form this monumental complex, thus providing a platform for an in depth discussion of the archaeological findings and their relevance within the Late Prehistory of La Mancha region. Castillejo del Bonete could potentially become a key archaeological site that allows a better understanding of funerary practices and increasing social complexity occurring during the transition from the III to the II millennia cal BC.
Key words: Southern Iberian Plateau, Megalithic Culture, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, cave, funeral monument, collective ritual.
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Entre enero y febrero de 2014 se llevaron a cabo labores de vigilancia arqueológica en el cerro de Marimacho motivadas por la construcción de un acerado a lo largo del segmento de la carretera Antequera-Archidona N-354 que bordea por el... more
Entre enero y febrero de 2014 se llevaron a cabo labores de vigilancia arqueológica en el cerro de Marimacho motivadas por la construcción de un acerado a lo largo del segmento de la carretera Antequera-Archidona N-354 que bordea por el sur el Conjunto Arqueológico de los Dólmenes de Antequera. Durante esta intervención, que arroja nueva luz sobre la naturaleza de un sitio estrechamente asociado a los megalitos antequeranos, se identificaron dos estructuras prehistóricas excavadas en el sustrato geológico. Una de ellas se constata como la primera evidencia de la existencia de un foso en este yacimiento arqueológico.
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeological site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and pit. This excavation throws new light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically, as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeological site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and pit. This excavation throws new light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically, as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Prehistory, Copper age, and 8 moreCalcolithic, Calcolítico, Megalitismo, Prehistoric Ditched Enclosures, RECINTOS DE FOSOS, Megalithic Culture, Antequera (Archaeology), and Menga. Revista de Prehistoria de Andalucía
El “Proyecto KURETES. Primeras ocupaciones humanas, evolución paleoecológica y climática del Cuaternario de la Cordillera Bética occidental”, aprobado por la Dirección General de Bienes Culturales de la Consejería de Cultura de la Junta... more
El “Proyecto KURETES. Primeras ocupaciones humanas, evolución paleoecológica y climática del Cuaternario de la Cordillera Bética occidental”, aprobado por la Dirección General de Bienes Culturales de la Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía busca analizar las primeras ocupaciones humanas en el contexto de la evolución paleoecológica y los cambios climáticos del Cuaternario de la cordillera Bética occidental, a partir de diferentes actuaciones de prospección y excavación arqueológica en los sistemas kársticos de la serranía de Ronda. La primera actuación arqueológica realizada dentro de este proyecto consistió en la apertura de tres sondeos arqueológicos en la cueva del Higueral-Guardia (Málaga-Cádiz) en agosto de 2011 (Baena Preysler et al., e.p). Los primeros resultados indican que contamos con una secuencia, muy afectada por la acción de clandestinos, en la que se documentan distintas ocupaciones a lo largo del tramo final del Pleistoceno Superior.
The Project “KURETES: earliest human occupation, and climatic evolution of the Quaternary paleoecology of the western Betic mountain range”, suported by the General Direction of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Andalusian Government seeks to analyze the earliest human occupation in the context of the paleoecological changes climate during the Quaternary at the Western Betics Mountains, from different activities of surveying and excavation in the karst of the Serranía de Ronda. The first archaeological work conducted within this project was the opening of three sondages at Higueral- Guardia Cave (Málaga-Cádiz) in August 2011 (Baena Preysler et al., ep). Preliminary results indicate that we have a complete sequence, very affected by looting, in the recent occupations (Solutrean), that are documented along the final stretch of the Upper Pleistocene.
The Project “KURETES: earliest human occupation, and climatic evolution of the Quaternary paleoecology of the western Betic mountain range”, suported by the General Direction of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Andalusian Government seeks to analyze the earliest human occupation in the context of the paleoecological changes climate during the Quaternary at the Western Betics Mountains, from different activities of surveying and excavation in the karst of the Serranía de Ronda. The first archaeological work conducted within this project was the opening of three sondages at Higueral- Guardia Cave (Málaga-Cádiz) in August 2011 (Baena Preysler et al., ep). Preliminary results indicate that we have a complete sequence, very affected by looting, in the recent occupations (Solutrean), that are documented along the final stretch of the Upper Pleistocene.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Paleolithic Europe, Mousterian, and 11 morePleistocene, Prehistory, Solutrean, Solutrense, Prehistoria, Pleistoceno, Paleolítico, Palaeolithic Europe, Palaeolithic archaeology, Mesolithic archaeology, Prehistoric transitions, Environmental archaeology, Archaeozoology, Pleistocene fauna, Palaeoclimate, Refugia and recolonisation, Spatial analysis, Palaeolithic art and symbolism, Upper Pleistocene prehistory, Musteriense, and Menga. Revista de Prehistoria de Andalucía
This article introduces a new archaeological site linked to salt production during Prehistoric times. Few sites in the Iberian Peninsula are connected to the use of this abiotic resource —an essential part of life in preindustrial... more
This article introduces a new archaeological site linked to salt production during Prehistoric times. Few sites in the Iberian Peninsula are connected to the use of this abiotic resource —an essential part of life in preindustrial societies. The study of the area surrounding the
Fuente Camacho salt mine, located about 12 km (7 miles) southeast of Loja, has led to the identification of a site connected to the use and exploitation of salt through ignition, a technique already documented at other sites of similar chronology on the peninsula.
The Fuente Camacho salt mine site fills in the gaps of prehistoric salt extraction n the Iberian Peninsula and draws attention to this topic in Upper Andalusia, an area where this resource has not received the attention it deserves.
Fuente Camacho salt mine, located about 12 km (7 miles) southeast of Loja, has led to the identification of a site connected to the use and exploitation of salt through ignition, a technique already documented at other sites of similar chronology on the peninsula.
The Fuente Camacho salt mine site fills in the gaps of prehistoric salt extraction n the Iberian Peninsula and draws attention to this topic in Upper Andalusia, an area where this resource has not received the attention it deserves.
Quienes en la actualidad nos dedicamos a la Arqueología en el Estado español estamos obligados a pensarla dentro un nuevo marco histórico. Las (des)articulaciones de la práctica arqueológica, desde el final de la dictadura hasta la... more
Quienes en la actualidad nos dedicamos a la Arqueología en el Estado español estamos obligados a pensarla dentro un nuevo marco histórico. Las (des)articulaciones de la práctica arqueológica, desde el final de la dictadura hasta la actualidad, han transitado desde su expansión académica-institucional hasta la profesionalización ligada a la burbuja inmobiliaria y a la economía de mercado, con la constante de la precarización. En este panorama existen realidades que han permanecido desarticuladas como la (de)formación de arqueólogos, la
generación de conocimiento, el ámbito profesional o la divulgación y conservación de la materialidad del pasado. Propondremos desde otra perspectiva estrategias de actuación concretas como formas de acción que ya se encuentran en la práctica diaria y que son una toma de conciencia sobre esa otra Arqueología.
generación de conocimiento, el ámbito profesional o la divulgación y conservación de la materialidad del pasado. Propondremos desde otra perspectiva estrategias de actuación concretas como formas de acción que ya se encuentran en la práctica diaria y que son una toma de conciencia sobre esa otra Arqueología.
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
In the summer of 2011 several test pits were made in the Higueral-Guardia Cave (Málaga, Spain). The sondages have determined the existence of an important Upper and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sequence, still under study. However,... more
In the summer of 2011 several test pits were made in the Higueral-Guardia Cave (Málaga, Spain). The sondages have determined the existence of an important Upper and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sequence, still under study. However, the illegal digging activity in the cave have significantly limited the possibilities of interpretation of the Solutrean levels. In this paper we present some preliminary results of the field work, and at the same time, establish a discussion about the value of such records in order to establish deeper anthropological interpretations. Aspects such as the intensity of the occupation, the diachronic value of the archaeological record, or the functionality of the site are discussed.
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This paper is an advance to the archaeological excavation of the site Villavieja from Fuentes de Cesna (Algarinejo, Granada, Spain). Villavieja is a prehistoric settlement located on a high plateau, which overlooks the river Genil,... more
This paper is an advance to the archaeological excavation of the site Villavieja from Fuentes de Cesna (Algarinejo, Granada, Spain). Villavieja is a prehistoric settlement located on a high plateau, which overlooks the river Genil, between Loja and Iznájar. It has a walled enclosure from about three hundred meters long. The site closes some three hectares of settlement. The wall is made of large stone blocks, which has enabled an exceptional state of preservation, allowing visible today in its entirety. The excavation has evealed that the wall keeps a height of over three meters. For now, the decay and neglect of this site in the second half of the V millennium BP.
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This excavation was triggered by... more
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill
located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This
excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeologial
site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and and pit. This excavation throws new
light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically,
as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This
excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeologial
site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and and pit. This excavation throws new
light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically,
as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
Research Interests:
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This excavation was triggered by... more
Between January and February 2014, a rescue archaeological study was carried out at Marimacho, a hill located just in front of Menga and Viera, that is part of the Dolmens of Antequera Archeological Site. This excavation was triggered by the enlargement of the hard shoulder of the road that runs along the archaeological site, and led to the discovery of two negative features, a ditch and and pit. This excavation throws new light into the nature of the site, that is associated to the great Antequeran dolmens, both spatially and chronologically, as a ditch feature is found at Marimacho for the first time.
Research Interests:
El objeto de este artículo es el hallazgo de un fragmento de una gran hacha pulimentada de sílex aparecida durante la prospección para la realización de la Carta Arqueológica Municipal de Huelva. Su descubrimiento se produjo en el año... more
El objeto de este artículo es el hallazgo de un fragmento de una gran hacha pulimentada de sílex aparecida durante la prospección para la realización de la Carta Arqueológica Municipal de Huelva. Su descubrimiento se produjo en el año 2009 junto con otras evidencias superficiales en el paraje denominado “La Somá”, una extensa plataforma situada unos 2100 m al noroeste de la zona actualmente protegida del yacimiento de La Orden-Seminario. La pieza conserva su mitad proximal o talón. Resaltamos la singularidad del objeto a partir del análisis tres aspectos: materia prima, tecnología y tipología. La conjunción de estos tres análisis redunda en su pertenencia a objetos similares elaborados en la península de Jutlandia y sur de Escandinavia, que vienen fechándose en los milenios VI-V B.P. En este sentido, el hallazgo de La Somá constituye uno de los ejemplos más destacados de circulación a larga distancia de objetos de sílex de toda la Prehistoria Reciente europea.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Archaeometry, and 15 moreFlint (Archaeology), Lithic Technology, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Stone axes (Archaeology), Neolithic Europe, European Prehistory (Archaeology), Prehistory, Lithic Resource Identification, Flint Technology, Prehistoric polished stone tools, Copper age, Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studies, Flint Axes, Archaeology, Archaeometry, and Prehistoric Trade and Exchange
The geoarchaeological stratigraphy of a site located at the coalescence zone of two small alluvial fans at the Albaicin foothills, reveals lanscape changes during the late Holocene in Granada. The record shows two geological beds, each... more
The geoarchaeological stratigraphy of a site located at the coalescence zone of two small alluvial fans at the Albaicin foothills, reveals lanscape changes during the late Holocene in Granada. The record shows two geological beds, each divided in several archaeological strata. The lower bed, formed by gravelly-cobbly sands and clays, include pebbles of rounded pottery of late Bronze (below), Iberian and Roman (above) age, eroded from sites located upstream. After a marked change, gravels with sedimentary structures due to hydrodynamic erosion and moulding were deposited. These are interbedded with three horizons of burial structures belonging the Saad Ben Malik medieval muslim cemetery, before surface reworking related to the urban developmen. These data reveal that founding of sites in the Alto Albaicín was nearly continuous since Late Prehistory time, and evidences a marked post-Roman increase in erosion, possibly related to deforestation in mountain areas surrounding the town.
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Content: 1. Presentación La Cueva de los Cuarenta: Una cavidad sepulcral colectiva en las Sierras Subbéticas Cordobesas. Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, Universidad de Huelva 2. Contexto espeleológico y levantamiento planimétrico de... more
Content:
1. Presentación La Cueva de los Cuarenta: Una cavidad sepulcral colectiva en las Sierras Subbéticas Cordobesas.
Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, Universidad de Huelva
2. Contexto espeleológico y levantamiento planimétrico de la Cueva de los Cuarenta.
Antonio Alcalá Ortiz, Francisco Ruiz-Ruano Cobo, Agustín Ruiz-Ruano Cobo, Francisco Bermúdez Jiménez, Rafael Bermúdez Cano, Grupo Espeleológico G40.
3. Los contextos sepulcrales de la Cueva de los Cuarenta. Arqueología de los gestos funerarios durante la segunda Mitad del IV milenio cal BC en el subbético cordobés.
Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez. Universidad de Huelva, María José Casas Flores. Antropóloga Física, Museo de Priego, Rafael María Martínez Sánchez, Universidad de Córdoba, María José Martínez Fernández, Universidad de Huelva, María Dolores Bretones García. Universidad de Córdoba, Antonio Morgado Rodríguez, Universidad de Granada, Inmaculada López Flores, Antropóloga Física, José Antonio Lozano Rodríguez,, CSIC-UGR.
4. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Cizalla numismática: La evidencia de falsificación de moneda (siglo XVII).
Rafael Carmona Ávila, Museo Histórico Municipal de Priego de Córdoba.
ABSTRACT We present a preview of the archaeological activity carried out in August 2007 and a descriptive study of the material culture and human remains recovered at the so-called Cueva de los Cuarenta (Las Lagunillas, Priego de Córdoba, Andalusia), a natural cave where different burial contexts from Late Neolithic have been documented. These rich contexts, which have remained virtually intact to date, consist of skeletal remains from approximately forty persons, deposited with some furnishing elements, including pottery and lithic artefacts. Evidence of probable trepanation in several individuals enhances our knowledge about such practice in Prehistory. This site is undoubtedly one of the best examples of burial caves from Late Prehistory in Southern Iberia, not only for the amount of archaeological remains, but also for their high preservation. The exterior of the cave was used as a clandestine workshop by coin counterfeiters in the seventeenthcentury.
1. Presentación La Cueva de los Cuarenta: Una cavidad sepulcral colectiva en las Sierras Subbéticas Cordobesas.
Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, Universidad de Huelva
2. Contexto espeleológico y levantamiento planimétrico de la Cueva de los Cuarenta.
Antonio Alcalá Ortiz, Francisco Ruiz-Ruano Cobo, Agustín Ruiz-Ruano Cobo, Francisco Bermúdez Jiménez, Rafael Bermúdez Cano, Grupo Espeleológico G40.
3. Los contextos sepulcrales de la Cueva de los Cuarenta. Arqueología de los gestos funerarios durante la segunda Mitad del IV milenio cal BC en el subbético cordobés.
Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez. Universidad de Huelva, María José Casas Flores. Antropóloga Física, Museo de Priego, Rafael María Martínez Sánchez, Universidad de Córdoba, María José Martínez Fernández, Universidad de Huelva, María Dolores Bretones García. Universidad de Córdoba, Antonio Morgado Rodríguez, Universidad de Granada, Inmaculada López Flores, Antropóloga Física, José Antonio Lozano Rodríguez,, CSIC-UGR.
4. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Cizalla numismática: La evidencia de falsificación de moneda (siglo XVII).
Rafael Carmona Ávila, Museo Histórico Municipal de Priego de Córdoba.
ABSTRACT We present a preview of the archaeological activity carried out in August 2007 and a descriptive study of the material culture and human remains recovered at the so-called Cueva de los Cuarenta (Las Lagunillas, Priego de Córdoba, Andalusia), a natural cave where different burial contexts from Late Neolithic have been documented. These rich contexts, which have remained virtually intact to date, consist of skeletal remains from approximately forty persons, deposited with some furnishing elements, including pottery and lithic artefacts. Evidence of probable trepanation in several individuals enhances our knowledge about such practice in Prehistory. This site is undoubtedly one of the best examples of burial caves from Late Prehistory in Southern Iberia, not only for the amount of archaeological remains, but also for their high preservation. The exterior of the cave was used as a clandestine workshop by coin counterfeiters in the seventeenthcentury.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Forensic Anthropology, Mediterranean prehistory, Ritual, and 30 moreArchaeological Method & Theory, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Physical Anthropology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Lithic Technology, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Archaeological Prospection, Burial Practices (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Prehistory, Speleology, Lithic Technology (Archaeology), Neolithic, Amber, Funerary Practices, Copper age, Antropología, Antropología Física, Lithic Analysis, Trepanation, Arqueologia y antropologia forense y fisica, 4th Millennium BC, Néolithique final, Prehistoric Trade and Exchange, Ancient Trepanation, Trepanaciones Craneanas, and IV millenium BC
We present a preview of the archaeological activity carried out in August 2007 and a descriptive study of the material culture and human remains recovered at the so-called Cueva de los Cuarenta (Las Lagunillas, Priego de Córdoba,... more
We present a preview of the archaeological activity carried out in August 2007 and a descriptive study of the material culture and human remains recovered at the so-called Cueva de los Cuarenta (Las Lagunillas, Priego de Córdoba, Andalusia), a natural cave where different burial contexts from Late Neolithic have been documented. These rich contexts, which have remained virtually intact to date, consist of skeletal remains from approximately forty persons, deposited with some furnishing elements, including pottery and lithic artefacts. Evidence of probable trepanation in several individuals enhances our knowledge about such practice in Prehistory. This site is undoubtedly one of the best examples of burial caves from Late Prehistory in Southern Iberia, not only for the amount of archaeological remains, but also for their high preservation. The exterior of the cave was used as a clandestine workshop by coin counterfeiters in the seventeenth century.
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In the summer of 2011 several test pits were made in the Higueral-Guardia Cave (Málaga, Spain). The sondages have determined the existence of an important Upper and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sequence, still under study. However,... more
In the summer of 2011 several test pits were made in the Higueral-Guardia Cave (Málaga, Spain). The sondages have determined the existence of an important Upper and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sequence, still under study. However, the illegal digging activity in the cave have significantly limited the possibilities of interpretation of the Solutrean levels. In this paper we present some preliminary results of the field work, and at the same time, establish a discussion about the value of such records in order to establish deeper anthropological interpretations. Aspects such as the intensity of the occupation, the diachronic value of the archaeological record, or the functionality of the site are discussed.
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This paper show the presence of a very particuar kind of flint artifact during the historical period, such as the Late Roman igniters. They are relatively common in some archaeological contexts but poorly studies by historiography.... more
This paper show the presence of a very particuar kind of flint artifact during the historical period, such as the Late Roman igniters. They are relatively common in some archaeological contexts but poorly studies by historiography. Through the experimentation it's aimed to make a characterization of them by technical analysis serving knapping stigmata, usage marks at a macroscopic level and fire-making residues.
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Research about polished axes inthe Iberia has focused on the formal aspects and the determination of raw material. Except from few examples the technolocial analysis focused on axeheads development has been practically absent. In Southern... more
Research about polished axes inthe Iberia has focused on the formal aspects and the determination of raw material. Except from few examples the technolocial analysis focused on axeheads development has been practically absent. In Southern Iberia, the latter analysis has sed light on the lack of knowledge about previous processes of transformation as the knapping. In this paper, we present the results of eperiments carried out in ourder to recognize technical stigmata in ofitic rock knapping, with a first approach to the stage of preparation of polished axes produced by large flakes.
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In this paper, we establish a review ot the formal and functional definition on the called "flint hammer" present in the archaeological sites of the South Late Prehistory. This has involved the development of experimental tests to confirm... more
In this paper, we establish a review ot the formal and functional definition on the called "flint hammer" present in the archaeological sites of the South Late Prehistory. This has involved the development of experimental tests to confirm a new hypothesis on its interpretation, in the same context as other previous researches carried out in Europe. The aim has been to obtain references on macroscopic traces. As a novelty in this process, we have established the dynamics of morpholocial reduction (degrees of utilization). The conclusions identify these objects as bujard because of the work they realize (to equalize irregularities, shape or revive stone objects), and the techno-economic implications of their presence in the archaeological context.
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The Menga Dolmen in Antequera (Malaga province, Spain), measuring 27.5 m long and composed of 32 large stones, is recognized as possibly the largest megalithic burial monument of Prehistory. However, until now, no studies of Menga have... more
The Menga Dolmen in Antequera (Malaga province, Spain), measuring 27.5 m long and composed of 32 large stones, is recognized as possibly the largest megalithic burial monument of Prehistory. However, until now, no studies of Menga have ever been internationally published. This article, while aiming to be the first is also the first geoarchaeological and geometric analysis of this a monument of this kind. The purpose of this analysis is to combine the results of the geological study of Menga (identification and description of the rock used in its constructions) with those of the geometric design survey. The results show a detailed understanding of the architecture and engineering among the dolmen builders, and what is most important, as well as novel, a clear and intentional asymmetry of the dolmen along its longitudinal axis. This asymmetry has a cultural background, evidenced in other similar monuments and may also be related to the orientation of Menga, traditionally set to a nearby geographical feature but also oriented to a certain chamber lighting during the summer solstice.
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This work is devoted to show, based on an andalusian case of study, the general processes through which gunflint production can be undestood and explained.
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During 2011 a research Project titled “Proyect KURETES. First human occupation, paleoecological and climatic evolution Quaternary of the Western Betic (2011-2015) has been initiated. The overall objective of this research focuses on the... more
During 2011 a research Project titled “Proyect KURETES. First human occupation, paleoecological and climatic evolution Quaternary of the Western Betic (2011-2015) has been initiated. The overall objective of this research focuses on the analysis of early human occupation in the context of paleoecological evolution and quaternary climate changes of the Western Betic of southern Spain.
This article introduces a new archaeological site linked to salt production during Prehistoric times. Few sites in the Iberian Peninsula are connected to the use of this abiotic resource —an essential part of life in preindustrial... more
This article introduces a new archaeological site linked to salt production during Prehistoric times. Few sites in the Iberian Peninsula are connected to the use of this abiotic resource —an essential part of life in preindustrial societies. The study of the area surrounding the Fuente Camacho salt mine, located about 12 km (7 miles) southeast of Loja, has led to the identification of a site connected to the use and exploitation of salt through ignition, a technique already documented at other sites of similar chronology on the peninsula. The Fuente Camacho salt mine site fills in the gaps of prehistoric salt extraction on the Iberian Peninsula and draws attention to this topic in Upper Andalusia, an area where this resource has not received the attention it deserves.
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Studying the exploitation of lithic resources and the techno-economical aspects of the associated transformation process can provide explanations for and interpretations of how Prehistoric society was organised. This is the objective of... more
Studying the exploitation of lithic resources and the techno-economical aspects of the associated transformation process can provide explanations for and interpretations of how Prehistoric society was organised. This is the objective of the present article, which focuses on an analysis of the flint mines in the central area of the Middle Subbetic in Granada. The most recent research, carried out by the Department of Prehistory at the University of Granada, reveals that this geographical region is one of the most important flint mining areas in the Iberian Peninsula. This statement is based on the available resources of the raw materials and the archaeological evidence of large mines dedicated to specialized blade production during the late Prehistory. This article focuses, therefore, on the characterisation of the flint from the Late Jurassic Milanos Formation and the archaeological evidence available to-date that was destined primarily for blade production in the Late Neolithic and Copper Age.
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Información del artículo Prospección arqueológica en relación con la explotación prehistórica de rocas silíceas en el sector de la región de "Los Montes" (Granada). Avance preliminar.
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Información del artículo Intervención arqueológica de urgencia en la avenida Pérez del Álamo (Loja, Granada).
Localización: Actas del III Congreso del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica: Santander, 5 a 8 de octubre de 2003/coord. por Roberto Ontañón Peredo, Cristina García-Moncó Piñeiro, Pablo Arias Cabal, 2005, ISBN 84-8102-975-0, págs. 359-368
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Characterizing raw material of stone tools used by Late Neolithic and Copper Age communities is important for interpreting access to available sources and establishing regional routes of distribution. Ichnological analysis may be used to... more
Characterizing raw material of stone tools used by Late Neolithic and Copper Age communities is important for interpreting access to available sources and establishing regional routes of distribution. Ichnological analysis may be used to help characterize lithic material and determine the source of artifacts. Here we report for the first time the existence of trace fossils in artifacts from the Late Neolithic and Copper Age of southern Spain. Ichnological analysis indicates a trace fossil assemblage consisting of relatively scarce small-sized Chondrites and abundant Phycosiphon. A regional survey of natural outcrops and chert quarries indicates the presence of discrete trace fossils only in the samples from geological formations that are part of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex. Ichnological composition in these samples is similar to that discerned in the artifacts and suggests that this was the probable source of the chert used in tool manufacture.
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Blades manufacture is one of most outstanding craft activities of flaked stone production in South Iberia during the Late Neolithic and Copper Age (IV – III millennia cal. B.C.). Theses products show certain variability in dimensions... more
Blades manufacture is one of most outstanding craft activities of flaked stone production in South Iberia during the Late Neolithic and Copper Age (IV – III millennia cal. B.C.). Theses products show certain variability in dimensions ranges from medium blade (10 – 15 cm) to large sizes (20 – 40 cm). The importance of this kind of production cam be seen in a series of archaeological context related to the exploitation of the region best siliceous rocks sources. Recently theses contexts and the flaking process documented there have been studied. In this way, this paper is devoted to show the first experimental approach to blade manufacture techniques used and the production system in witch they took part. These experimentations are based on the blade production chain defined both from the analysis of archaeological material recovered in production context and from previous experimentation on big blades production developed by one of the authors. As a result of this work same hypothesis about the craft technique system used in big blade production have been validated.
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Since the XIXth century, documentation has developed around the appearance of large-sized flint blades coming from funerary contexts of the Late Neolithic and the Copper Age of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the relation with the... more
Since the XIXth century, documentation has developed around the appearance of large-sized flint blades coming from funerary contexts of the Late Neolithic and the Copper Age of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the relation with the principal flint outcrops was not indicated up to a very recent time (the same can be applied to workshops specialised in blade production of the same period in the south of Spain that we study). In this paper, we will present a synthesis about the principal areas of the Iberian Peninsula where blade production has been documented and the types of raw material exploited there, as well as we will show the fundamental features of the technical process of blade productions in the South which contrasts with other regions as well by its process as by the techniques employed. Also, starting from these data, we will elaborate the first hypothesis about the Iberian Peninsula different specialized blade productions, paying a special attention to the technique characteristics of southern workshops (the sharp butt dihedral preparation). These can suggest that they can be an original innovation, independents from those developed in Eastern Mediterranean, and that this technique began earlier in West Europe than in Eastern Mediterranean.
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Nearby the Malaver Sierra (Serranía de Ronda, Málaga, Spain), several palaeodomains of the Betic Cordillera get in contact. This allows the existence of a great variability and richness of abiotic resources. Because of that, this region... more
Nearby the Malaver Sierra (Serranía de Ronda, Málaga, Spain), several palaeodomains of the Betic Cordillera get in contact. This allows the existence of a great variability and richness of abiotic resources. Because of that, this region was very important during the Late Prehistory as a source area for supplying them. Among such resources, some particularly important were the oolithic flint from conglomerate clasts of the Malaver Formation and ochre and copper mined from the Montecorto Unit, as well as the ophite, widely present in the Triassic of the area. Later on, up to the first half of the XXth century, the most important mining in the area was that of the iron and silver extracted from the Montecorto Unit and, in a lesser extent, that of gypsum, lime and salt from the Triassic with Keuper facies (and associated saline springs) of the Subbetic units. Related to this mining activity, there appears numerous and varied structures: pools for ore washing, furnaces for ore melting, c...
Villavieja (Fuentes de Cesna, Algarinejo, Granada) is a Prehistoric walled enclosure located on a high plateau which overlooks the river Genil. The settlement is dated in the III millennium B. C. Villavieja has an incredible wall which is... more
Villavieja (Fuentes de Cesna, Algarinejo, Granada) is a Prehistoric walled enclosure located on a high plateau which overlooks the river Genil.
The settlement is dated in the III millennium B. C. Villavieja has an incredible wall which is even visible today and it closes three hectares of the settlement. Furthermore, the wall was built with large stone blocks that enabled an exceptional state of preservation. Recently, archaeological excavations have revealed that the wall used to be over three meters high. To conclude, Villavieja is a fascinating archaeological site in which you will be amazed.
The settlement is dated in the III millennium B. C. Villavieja has an incredible wall which is even visible today and it closes three hectares of the settlement. Furthermore, the wall was built with large stone blocks that enabled an exceptional state of preservation. Recently, archaeological excavations have revealed that the wall used to be over three meters high. To conclude, Villavieja is a fascinating archaeological site in which you will be amazed.
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Localización: Arqueología experimental en la Península Ibérica: investigación, didáctica y patrimonio/coord. por María Luisa Ramos Sáinz, Jesús Emilio González Urquijo, Javier Baena Preysler, 2007, ISBN 978-84-690-3690-7, págs. 37-44
The aim of this chapter is to establish the origins and development of pressure knapping during Prehistoric times on the Southern Iberia Peninsula. It presents data on the first evidence of pressure techniques during the transition... more
The aim of this chapter is to establish the origins and development of pressure knapping during Prehistoric times on the Southern Iberia Peninsula. It presents data on the first evidence of pressure techniques during the transition between the last hunter-gatherers and early Neolithic groups. The Neolithic represents the consolidation of pressure flaking associated with the heat treatment of flint, established for making blades of small dimensions. The development of the Neolithic shows an evolution of the pressure techniques for elongated products. In the 4th millennium B.C., and during the 3rd millennium cal B.C., the skilled production of blades using the pressure lever, and the production of large blades by pressure, had reached its maximum potential and was indicative of social complexity. An examination of the butts of blades from this period shows that each blade had been extracted from a dihedron standing out from the core’s edge. Blade preparation in this manner is an innovation that originated in Western Europe and is independent from those techniques developed in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Durante los trabajos arqueológicos desarrollados en el solar de la Calle Marino Alcalá Galiano nº 3, emplazado en el casco urbano de la Ciudad de Córdoba, en el entorno conocido como Tablero Alto o la Arruzafa, han podido ser documentadas... more
Durante los trabajos arqueológicos desarrollados en el solar de la Calle Marino Alcalá Galiano nº 3, emplazado en el casco urbano de la Ciudad de Córdoba, en el entorno conocido como Tablero Alto o la Arruzafa, han podido ser documentadas hasta siete estructuras excavadas en el sustrato geológico, la mayoría de ellas de planta circular y muy afectadas por fases históricas posteriores. Todas ellas responden a una misma fase ocupacional correspondiente al Horizonte de las Cazuelas Carenadas, correspondiente al último cuarto del IV milenio ANE. Ello representa un inestimable testimonio de la presencia de un poblado de características similares a otros documentados en el valle y campiñas del Guadalquivir, en un período en el que la ocupación humana en la región se muestra sorprendentemente intensa en relación a los siglos precedentes.